MAPEO DE LA SOSTENIBILIDAD REGIONAL: UN ÍNDICE BASADO EN ESG PARA INFRAESTRUCTURA VIAL
MAPPING REGIONAL SUSTAINABILITY: NA ESG-BASED INDEX FOR ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29183/2447-3073.MIX2026.v12.n4.%25pPalabras clave:
Sostenibilidad, Infraestructura viaria, Indicadores medioambientales, Estadística espacial, Aprendizaje automáticoResumen
Las carreteras son fundamentales para el desarrollo local y la transformación de las comunidades. Sin embargo, la falta de atención a los factores sociales y medioambientales durante su planificación y explotación puede agravar las desigualdades y provocar la degradación medioambiental. Las iniciativas medioambientales, sociales y de gobernanza (ESG) pueden impulsar cambios en las prácticas actuales del sector de las infraestructuras viarias, especialmente cuando se tienen en cuenta los factores sociales, económicos y medioambientales locales. Este artículo pretende subsanar esta carencia proponiendo un Índice
de Sostenibilidad (IS) adaptado al contexto de la infraestructura viaria, que ofrece un enfoque práctico y replicable para integrar los aspectos medioambientales, sociales y de gobernanza (ESG), utilizando datos censales y de teledetección disponibles de forma gratuita. El IS, calculado como la media geométrica de once indicadores socioeconómicos y medioambientales, oscila entre 0,00 y 0,56 en la zona analizada. La autocorrelación espacial revela agrupaciones estadísticamente significativas (I de Moran global = 0,40; puntuación z = 16,7126; p < 0,0001), mientras que el agrupamiento multivariante destaca la cobertura vegetal (R² = 0,752), el secuestro de carbono (R² = 0,718) y la superficie construida (R² = 0,665) como las variables más influyentes. Los patrones espaciales.
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