JARDINES DE LLUVIA: ACTUALIZACIONES DE LA TÉCNICA A PARTIR DE UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
RAIN GARDENS: TECHNIQUE UPDATES BASED ON A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29183/2447-3073.MIX2023.v9.n5.201-215Palabras clave:
jardín de lluvia; infraestructura verde; soluciones basadas en la naturaleza; contaminación difusaResumen
El proceso de urbanización conduce a la degradación de las aguas urbanas, debido al aumento de la contaminación difusa llevada a los arroyos. Las técnicas de infraestructura verde se han utilizado como una alternativa para que las ciudades controlen la contaminación de los ríos y se adapten al cambio climático. El Jardín de Lluvia destaca por reducir la escorrentía superficial y filtrar la contaminación difusa. A pesar de ser utilizado durante más de 30 años en los EE. UU., todavía es poco conocido en Brasil. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar investigaciones recientes sobre jardines de lluvia y fomentar la difusión de esta práctica en Brasil. Para ello se realizó una revisión sistemática sobre el tema. La búsqueda resultó en 69 artículos, de 11 países diferentes sobre los temas: (1) Costos de instalación y operación; (2) Capacidad de retención de agua; (3) control de la contaminación; (4) Aspectos constructivos y operativos y (5) Factores socioambientales. Las publicaciones más actuales se ocupan más de los costes de mantenimiento de las estructuras, además de los métodos de evaluación de su eficiencia. Más estudios sobre el tema son necesarios, con el fin de mejorar el conocimiento y aumentar la difusión de la técnica.
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