SIMULACIÓN CFD Y OPTIMIZACIÓN PASIVA DEL CONFORT TÉRMICOEN VIVIENDA SOCIAL EN CONTEXTOS ANDINOS
CFD SIMULATION AND PASSIVE OPTIMIZATION OF THERMAL COMFORTIN SOCIAL HOUSING IN ANDEAN CONTEXTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29183/2447-3073.MIX2026.v12.n3.19-41Palabras clave:
Confort térmico, Simulación CFD, Vivienda social, Diseño pasivo, Ventilación naturalResumen
El presente estudio evalúa las condiciones de confort térmico en una vivienda de interés social ubicada en la ciudad de Quito, Ecuador, mediante el uso de simulaciones de Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional (CFD) y la aplicación de estrategias de diseño pasivo. La investigación se basa en un modelo representativo construido con sistemas convencionales de hormigón y mampostería, caracterizados por un desempeño ambiental limitado. La metodología emplea el software STAR-CCM+ para analizar la distribución de temperatura, el comportamiento del flujo de aire y los indicadores de calidad ambiental interior, específicamente el Voto Medio Estimado (PMV) y el Porcentaje de Personas Insatisfechas (PPD), conforme a la norma ISO 7730. Se evaluaron cuatro escenarios: modelo base, mejora de la envolvente, incorporación de sistemas de captación de viento y optimización de la orientación y aperturas. Los resultados evidencian que las intervenciones centradas únicamente en la envolvente generan mejoras limitadas, mientras que las estrategias integradas que combinan ventilación natural y diseño arquitectónico permiten reducir la temperatura interior hasta en 2 °C y aumentar significativamente el área de confort. El estudio demuestra que el confort térmico en vivienda social depende de la interacción entre materiales, ventilación y configuración espacial, aportando un enfoque replicable para contextos andinos.
Referencias
BLOCKEN, B. Computational fluid dynamics for urban physics: importance, scales, possibilities, limitations and ten tips and tricks towards accurate and reliable simulations. Building and Environment, v. 91, p. 219–245, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.015
CABEZA, L. F.; CHÀFER, M.; MATA, É. Comparative analysis of Web of Science and Scopus on the energy efficiency and climate impact of buildings. Energies, v. 13, n. 2, p. 409, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020409
CHOW, W. K. Application of computational fluid dynamics in building services engineering. Building and Environment, v. 31, n. 5, p. 425–436, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(96)00012-1
DE DEAR, R. J.; BRAGER, G. S. Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings: revisions to ASHRAE Standard 55. Energy and Buildings, v. 34, n. 6, p. 549–561, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00005-1
DE DEAR, R.; BRAGER, G. Developing an adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference. Berkeley: Center for the Built Environment, 1998. Disponível em: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4qq2p9c6
EMMANUEL, R. An urban approach to climate-sensitive design. London: Spon Press, 2005.
EMMANUEL, R.; STEEMERS, K. Connecting the realms of urban form, density and microclimate. Building Research & Information, v. 46, n. 8, p. 804–808, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09613218.2018.1507078
GEROS, V.; SANTAMOURIS, M.; KARATASOU, S.; TSANGRASSOULIS, A.; PAPANIKOLAOU, N. On the cooling potential of night ventilation techniques in the urban environment. Energy and Buildings, v. 37, n. 3, p. 243–257, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.06.024
GIVONI, B. Climate considerations in building and urban design. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
GIVONI, B. Indoor temperature reduction by passive cooling systems. Solar Energy, v. 85, n. 8, p. 1692–1726, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2009.10.003
HASHEMI, F.; MILLS, G. On the impact of urban climate and heat islands on building energy performance: a critical review. Energy and Buildings, v. 343, p. 115946, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115946
HE, G.; FAN, Z.; MENG, Y.; YAO, L.; YE, C. An experimental study of wind-driven ventilation with double skin facade during transition seasons. Energies, v. 18, n. 13, p. 3249, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en18133249
HEISELBERG, P. et al. Natural ventilation principles. Energy and Buildings, v. 162, p. 37–45, 2018.
ISO. ISO 7730: Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization, 2005.
JHA, S. K.; SANKAR, A.; ZHOU, Y.; GHOSH, A. Incorporation of phase change materials in buildings. Construction Materials, v. 4, n. 4, p. 676–703, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/constrmater4040037
JIA, M.; SRINIVASAN, R. Building performance evaluation using coupled simulation of EnergyPlus™ and an occupant behavior model. Sustainability, v. 12, n. 10, p. 4086, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104086
KARYONO, K.; ABDULLAH, B. M.; COTGRAVE, A. J.; BRAS, A. The adaptive thermal comfort review from the 1920s, the present, and the future. Developments in the Built Environment, v. 4, p. 100032, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2020.100032
KAUSHIK, A.; ARIF, M.; TUMULA, P.; EBOHON, O. J. Effect of thermal comfort on occupant productivity in office buildings. Building and Environment, v. 180, p. 107021, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107021
KIRME, S. K.; KAPSE, V. S. A comprehensive review of residential building energy efficiency measures in India. Energy and Buildings, v. 319, p. 114537, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.114537
KRELLING, A. F. et al. A thermal performance standard for residential buildings in warm climates. Energy and Buildings, v. 281, p. 112770, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112770
LÓPEZ-PÉREZ, L. A.; FLORES-PRIETO, J. J.; RÍOS-ROJAS, C. Adaptive thermal comfort model for educational buildings. Building and Environment, v. 150, p. 181–194, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.12.011
MADUSHIKA, U. G. D. et al. Energy retrofitting technologies of buildings: a review-based assessment. Energies, v. 16, n. 13, p. 4924, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en16134924
MAGHAMI, M. R.; MAGHOUL, A.; THANG, K. F.; SUNDARAM, S. Net zero energy buildings: an overview of passive and active designs. Energy Reports, v. 14, p. 1327–1348, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2025.07.028
MIRRAHIMI, S. et al. The effect of building envelope on the thermal comfort and energy saving for high-rise buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 53, p. 1508–1519, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.09.055
NGUYEN, Y. Q. et al. CFD analysis of different ventilation strategies for a room with a heated wall. Buildings, v. 12, n. 9, p. 1300, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091300
NIELSEN, P. V. Fifty years of CFD for room air distribution. Building and Environment, v. 91, p. 78–90, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.035
NIZA, I. L.; BUENO, A. M.; DA SILVA, M. G.; BRODAY, E. E. Air quality and ventilation. Results in Engineering, v. 24, p. 103157, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103157
OBEIDAT, B.; KAMAL, H.; ALMALKAWI, A. CFD analysis of an innovative wind tower design. Journal of Ecological Engineering, v. 22, n. 2, p. 86–97, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/130894
PEKER, E.; STREET, E. Spatial planning for thermal comfort justice in an era of climate extremes. Habitat International, v. 166, p. 103600, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2025.103600
RAMPONI, R.; BLOCKEN, B. CFD simulation of cross-ventilation for a generic isolated building. Building and Environment, v. 53, p. 34–48, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.01.004
SLIMANI, A. L.; MAZOUZ, S.; NEKHILA, S. CFD-based quantitative assessment of thermal comfort. Sustainability, v. 17, n. 22, p. 10229, 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su172210229
WEHRLE, J. et al. Introducing new morphometric parameters to improve urban canopy air flow modeling. Urban Climate, v. 58, p. 102173, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102173
XU, L.; ZHANG, Z. Effects of residential indoor environments on occupant satisfaction and performance. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, v. 23, n. 1, p. 282–293, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2023.2228866
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Pablo Echeverría Landín, Guillermo Guzmán-Chávez
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Aviso de Direito Autoral Creative Commons
1. Política para Periódicos de Acesso Livre
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
a. Autores mantém os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação, com o trabalho simultaneamente licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite o compartilhamento do trabalho com reconhecimento da autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
b. Autores têm autorização para assumir contratos adicionais separadamente, para distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicada nesta revista (ex.: publicar em repositório institucional ou como capítulo de livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
c. Autores têm permissão e são estimulados a publicar e distribuir seu trabalho online (ex.: em repositórios institucionais ou na sua página pessoal) a qualquer ponto após o processo editorial, já que isso pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como aumentar o impacto e a citação do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre).
