INTEGRATED ESTIMATION OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES VULNERABILITY IN THE URBAN CORE OF VISCONDE DE MAUÁ (RJ): APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS IN THE SERRA DA MANTIQUEIRA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ADAPTED METHODOLOGY

ESTIMATIVA INTEGRADA DE VULNERABILIDADE DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS SUBTERRÂNEOS NO NÚCLEO URBANO DE VISCONDE DE MAUÁ (RJ): APLICAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS GEOFÍSICOS NA APA SERRA DA MANTIQUEIRA E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIA ADAPTADA

Authors

  • Andréa Alves Ferreira Silva UERJ - UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO
  • Daniele Maia Bila UERJ - UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
  • Alfredo Akira Ohnuma Júnior UERJ - UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
  • Marcelo dos Santos Salomão UERJ - UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.29183/2447-3073.MIX2025.v11.n4.160-188

Keywords:

Groundwater, EKV Method, Terrestrial Geophysics, Environmental Protection Area

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the natural vulnerability of groundwater resources through the adaptation of the EKv methodology, combined with physical characterization of the soil and geophysical techniques (GPR, electrical resistivity, and magnetometry), applied in a site lacking pre-existing local hydrogeological data, in Visconde de Mauá–RJ, Brazil. The EKv method considers the thickness (E) and vertical permeability (Kv) of the unsaturated zone, enabling an integrated analysis of the aquifer’s natural protective capacity. The results indicated three vulnerability classes: medium in Campo do Centro (EKv = 7), medium in Praça da Igreja (EKv = 5), and high in Lote-10 (EKv = 8). Low clay content, geologic structures favorable to vertical percolation, and the reduced thickness of the unsaturated zone were key factors in limiting the natural attenuation capacity. The presence of lithological contacts, sub-horizontal foliation, and fractures increases the contamination risk by promoting preferential flow paths. The integrated approach proved effective in identifying critical vulnerability zones, despite the limitations of the EKv methodology. The incorporation of geophysical methods significantly improved the accuracy of estimations and contributed to a more detailed spatial analysis of the subsurface, providing more robust support for the assessment of groundwater vulnerability.

Author Biographies

  • Andréa Alves Ferreira Silva, UERJ - UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO

    Sanitary and Environmental Engineer, graduated from Estácio de Sá University (2014), with a Master's degree (2021) in Environmental Engineering from the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), and currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Environmental Engineering at the same institution. Experience in Urban Naturalization Systems, environmental licensing, and the application of geophysical methods for environmental characterization. Currently coordinates environmental aspects of a mining enterprise, focus on compliance with legal requirements and the implementation of environmental monitoring and control programs. Develops technical activities include the assessment of noise levels and air quality, aiming at the mitigation of environmental impacts in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Professional expertise encompasses the integration of territorial planning, environmental management, and technologies applied to urban sustainability.

    LATTES: https://lattes.cnpq.br/7677774619472156

    ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2459-8409

  • Daniele Maia Bila, UERJ - UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

    Associate Professor at the Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering from the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ, 1998), a Master’s degree (2000), and a Ph.D. (2005) in Chemical Engineering from COPPE/UFRJ, where she also completed a postdoctoral fellowship (2005–2006). A permanent faculty member of the Graduate Programs in Environmental Engineering at UERJ—Professional Master’s (PEAMB) and Doctorate (DEAMB). Coordinates the Laboratory of Sanitary Engineering (LES/UERJ) and leads the CNPq research group “Micropollutants and Microplastics in Environmental Matrices.” Recognized as a “Scientist of Our State” by FAPERJ, has extensive experience in the fields of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, with a particular focus on pollution control. The research encompasses environmental monitoring, water and wastewater treatment processes, and the assessment of ecotoxicity and estrogenic activity of emerging contaminants, including organic micropollutants, microplastics, and nanoplastics. Develops research on both conventional and advanced treatment technologies for water and wastewater, including advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), ozonation, biological and physicochemical treatments, as well as strategies for the mitigation of leachates from solid waste landfills.

    LATTES: http://lattes.cnpq.br/1791743137921382

    ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7988-0893

  • Alfredo Akira Ohnuma Júnior, UERJ - UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

    Civil Engineer graduated from the Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar, 2000), with a Master’s degree (2005) and a Ph.D. (2008) in Environmental Engineering Sciences from the University of São Paulo (USP), School of Engineering of São Carlos (EESC), Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation. An Associate Professor at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering. Teaches in the undergraduate programs in Civil Engineering and Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, as well as in the Graduate Programs in Environmental Engineering-Professional Master’s (PEAMB) and Doctorate (DEAMB) at UERJ. Since 2015, has held the title of “Pro-scientist” Research Fellow at UERJ. Holds four patents registered with the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI).

    Research and professional activities focus on stormwater systems and urban drainage compensation techniques, with expertise in water resources, stormwater management, applied hydrology, water footprint assessment, building water and sanitary installations, rainwater harvesting, green roofs, watershed restoration, hydrological modeling, and water use efficiency. Project website: https://projetosapuerj.com.

    Has previously worked at PETROBRAS in the environmental licensing of gas pipelines and compression and gas installations, with a focus on process management, environmental impact assessment review, and strategic and organizational planning in QHSE (Quality, Health, Safety, and Environment).

    In addition to academic and technical work, also has a certified Yoga and Meditation instructor, having completed training with Marco Schultz (2009) and in Iyengar Yoga with Pedro Pessoa (2013). Long-term practitioner of Vipassana Meditation, with training at Dhamma Santi (Miguel Pereira, RJ) in 2008, 2009, and 2011.

    LATTES: http://lattes.cnpq.br/0181633220926313

    ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-9334

  • Marcelo dos Santos Salomão, UERJ - UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO

    Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Geology at the School of Geology of the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). Coordinator of the Mineral Exploration Laboratory (LEXMIN/FGEL) and holds the title of “Pro-scientist” Research Fellow of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). He also coordinates the CNPq-registered Research Group titled Mineral Resource Prospecting and is a member of the Tectonic Research Group (TEKTOS). Holds a Ph.D. in Geology from the Graduate Program in Basin Analysis and Orogenic Belts at UERJ and a Master’s degree in Geology (Concentration Area: Tectonics, Petrology, and Mineral Resources) with a research focus in Applied Geophysics, both from UERJ. A bachelor's degree in Geology and has extensive experience in mineral prospecting, economic geology, applied geophysics, spatial analysis of geochemical data, remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS), also from UERJ.

    LATTES: http://lattes.cnpq.br/7699327347971204

    ORCID:  https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-8353

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Published

2026-02-06

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Vol. 11 No. 4 (2025): Mix Sustentável

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INTEGRATED ESTIMATION OF GROUNDWATER RESOURCES VULNERABILITY IN THE URBAN CORE OF VISCONDE DE MAUÁ (RJ): APPLICATION OF GEOPHYSICAL METHODS IN THE SERRA DA MANTIQUEIRA ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ADAPTED METHODOLOGY: ESTIMATIVA INTEGRADA DE VULNERABILIDADE DOS RECURSOS HÍDRICOS SUBTERRÂNEOS NO NÚCLEO URBANO DE VISCONDE DE MAUÁ (RJ): APLICAÇÃO DE MÉTODOS GEOFÍSICOS NA APA SERRA DA MANTIQUEIRA E IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE METODOLOGIA ADAPTADA. (2026). Mix Sustentável, 11(4), 160-188. https://doi.org/10.29183/2447-3073.MIX2025.v11.n4.160-188