STREET AFFORDANCES: HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS OF URBAN SPACE
AFFORDANCE DA RUA: INTERAÇÃO HOMEM-AMBIENTE NO PROCESSO DE PROJETO DO ESPAÇO URBANO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29183/2447-3073.MIX2024.v10.n1.199-209Keywords:
Street Design, AffordancesAbstract
Incentives to walking as a transport mode are an integral part of the Brazilian National Policy on Urban Mobility, Federal Law 12.587/2012. Nonetheless, design approaches to streets are currently based on motorized transportation, which does not represent the necessary support to walking or to social, cultural, and leisure activities. During their evolution, streets reflected historical, economic, political, and social contexts influencing and being influenced by urban life. However, the advent of new technologies in traffic engineering, civil construction, and communication changed this scenario, and traffic systems started to lead the street design. Research on walking as a transport mode has shown the influence of street space on people’s decisions to walk. Environment and Behavior Studies bring substantive knowledge of the human-environment interaction to the theory of Architecture and Urbanism. This knowledge is essential in the transition from designs based on normative theories to contemporary street designs. The Affordance Theory provides understanding of the transactional interaction of the person with the environment. To achieve the integral design of the street, we adapted the Affordance Based Design methodology. This procedural theory was seen as experimentally adequate both in the design process and in the evaluation for further adjustments in existing streets.
References
Anderson, S. (1981). Estudios sobre un modelo ecológico del entorno urbano. In S. Anderson (Ed.), Calles: problemas de estructura y diseño [On Streets] (pp. 279 – 317). Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Appleyard, D. (1981). Livable Streets (p. 364). Berkeley: University of California Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com.br/books?id=pfreUQKD_4QC
Boaga, G. (1977). Diseño de tráfico y forma urbana (p. 254). Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Childs, M. (2012). Urban Composition : Designing Community through Urban Design (p. 144). New York, NY, USA: Princeton Architectural Press.
Churchill, H. S. (1962). The city is the people (2nd ed., p. 224). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Churchman, A. (2003). Environmental Psychology and Urban Planning: Where Can the Twain Meet? In R. B. Bechtel & A. Churchman (Eds.), Handbook of Environmental Psychology (pp. 191–200). Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Ellis, W. C. (1981). La estructura espacial de las calles. In S. Anderson (Ed.), Calles: problemas de estructura y diseño [On Streets] (pp. 125–141). Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Francis, M. (1991). The Making of Democratic Streets. In A. V. Moudon (Ed.), Public Streets for Public Use (pp. 23–39). New York: Columbia University Press.
Gaver, W. W. (1991). Technology affordances. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems Reaching through technology - CHI ’91 (pp. 79–84). New York: ACM Press. doi:10.1145/108844.108856
Gibson, J. J. (1986). The ecological approach to visual perception (3rd ed., p. 332). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gutman, R. (1981). La generación de las calles. In S. Anderson (Ed.), Calles: problemas de estructura y diseño [On Streets] (pp. 259–275). Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Heimstra, N. W., & McFarling, L. H. (1978). Psicologia Ambiental [Environmental Psychology] (p. 263). São Paulo (SP): EPU: Editora da Universidade de São Paulo.
Herce, M. V., & Magrinyà, F. (2013). El espacio de la movilidad urbana (p. 278). Buenos Aires: Café de las Ciudades.
Hershberger, R. G. (1974). Predicting the Meaning of Architecture. In J. Lang, C. Burnette, W. Moleski, & D. Vachon (Eds.), Designing for Human Behavior (pp. 147–156). Stroudsburg, EUA: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc.
Ittelson, W. H., Proshansky, H. M., Rivlin, L. G., & Winkel, G. H. (1974). An introduction to environmental psychology (p. 406). Oxford, UK: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Jacobs, A. B. (1995). Great Streets (p. 331). Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press.
Kostof, S. (2004). The City Assembled: The Elements of Urban Form Through History (1a. Reimpr., p. 320). Londres: Thames and Hudson.
Lang, J. (1987). Creating Architectural Theory: The Role of the Behavioral Sciences in Environmental Design (p. 278). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Macdonald, E. (2011). Streets and the Public Realm: Emerging designs. In T. Banerjee & A. Loukaitou-Sideris (Eds.), Companion to Urban Design (pp. 419–431). New York: Taylor & Francis e-Library.
Maier, J. R. A., & Fadel, G. M. (2006). Affordance Based Design: Status and Promise. In Proceedings of the International Design Research Symposium, IDRS’06 (p. 18). Seoul, South Korea: International Design Research Symposium, IDRS’06.
Maier, J. R. A., & Fadel, G. M. (2008). Affordance based design: a relational theory for design. Research in Engineering Design, 20(1), 13–27. doi:10.1007/s00163-008-0060-3
Maier, J. R. A., Fadel, G. M., & Battisto, D. G. (2009). An affordance-based approach to architectural theory, design, and practice. Design Studies, 30(4), 393–414. doi:10.1016/j.destud.2009.01.002
Moudon, A. V. (2000). Proof of Goodness: A Substantive Basis for New Urbanism. Places, 13(2), 38–43.
Murphy, M. D. (2005). Landscape Architecture Theory: An Evolving Body of Thought (p. 256). Long Grove, EUA: Waveland Press.
Rapoport, A. (1990). History and Precedent in Environmental Design (p. 510). Boston, MA: Springer US. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0571-2
Rudofsky, B. (1982). Streets for people: a primer for Americans (2nd ed., p. 351). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
Schumacher, T. (1981). Los edificios y las calles. Notas sobre su configuración y uso. In S. Anderson (Ed.), Calles: problemas de estructura y diseño [On Streets] (pp. 142–160). Barcelona: Gustavo Gili.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Arnoldo Debatin Neto, Francis Graeff de Oliveira
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Copyright Notice
Attribution 4.0 International
