Integrated Surveying of the Igreja da Penha in Rio de Janeiro: Planimetric and Altimetric Documentation for Heritage and Cadastral Purposes

Resumo

This study presents an integrated approach to 3D documentation of the Basilica of Our Lady of Penha, integrating multiple geotechnologies to support heritage conservation and analysis. GNSS surveys, aerial photogrammetry using a UAV, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), and conventional topographic methods were combined to generate sparse and dense point clouds, a textured 3D model, and a georeferenced orthomosaic. Ground control points (GCPs) ensured high spatial accuracy, while confidence filtering improved data reliability. The results enabled precise geometric representation, architectural analysis, detection of potential deformations, and the creation of a multidimensional dataset suitable for restoration planning, long-term monitoring, and scientific studies. The methodology demonstrates the effectiveness of combining complementary data acquisition techniques for sustainable cultural heritage management.